腹壁可聚焦肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 叉尿管出血A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )叉尿管出血见于叉和鼻腔二者之间，通常座落叉尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅座落叉下。这些出血可观感为完全无；也或低；也。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 图11A，叉尿管出血，此出血已受感染，内部含有微弱；也的液体。B，叉尿管出血，紧绷的出血前壁归因于反射伪影。

..Endometriosis子宫内膜癌变Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).浸润子宫内膜癌变是子宫手术后的长期合并症，无多种不同观感，但可于以前手术的瘢痕处见一连续开放性肿物，并有连续开放性的咳嗽和溃疡。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 图12 ，剖宫产伤疤处子宫内膜癌变

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 浸润血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可起因癫痫开放性咳嗽后、喷嚏或癫痫癫痫后，其早先通常是抗凝放射治疗或出血开放性疾病。由于血肿约束于腹直肌鞘内，通常不很大，其大小根据所处后方而定，在弓形终点站以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴呈上下方向，可于一侧见到（图13A）；在弓形终点站表列出，由于腹前头缺如，可扩展掠过之中终点站，因此血肿观感为分叶状，其仅有长度座落横轴上。在患儿浸润血肿可见于叉上横向扩展（图13B、C）。术后强磁场开放性静脉内炎症的医护人员可于浸润手术瘢痕临近见到大的血肿（图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 图13A，一之中年妇女震荡咳嗽后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示腹横腹腔。B，患儿浸润血肿。C，一患儿叉静脉附着处上面的浸润血肿。UV，叉静脉。D，一强磁场开放性静脉内炎症的剖宫产术后医护人员疤痕处浸润血肿。

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